Miscarriage most often results from genetic or chromosomal abnormalities in the egg, sperm, or early embryo, and are usually random events. Couples who have experienced two or more clinically-recognized pregnancy losses are considered to have recurrent pregnancy loss.
A number of other factors can contribute to miscarriage, including uterine abnormalities, poor blood supply to the pregnancy, or inflammation. Hormone imbalances, thyroid disease, diabetes, blood clotting abnormalities, and even a mother’s immune system can also play a role in miscarriage.
Treatment recommendations for women with recurrent pregnancy loss are based on the results of extensive testing to determine the underlying cause. Often, conditions such as thyroid disease, diabetes, or clotting disorders can be treated with medication, leading to improved health and a greater likelihood of carrying a baby to term. Surgery may be an option for women with uterine abnormalities. If the cause is deemed to be genetic or chromosomal, the couple may be referred for genetic counseling.